Naltrexone and Autism

Written by Stephen M. Edelson, Ph.D.

In the past few years, naltrexone has received a great deal of media attention. Although there have only been a handful of studies on the effectiveness of naltrexone, these reports are quite encouraging.

Naltrexone blocks the action of endogenous opioids at opiate receptors; endorphins are opiate-like substances in the brain and are associated with pleasure (e.g., runners' 'high,' sexual activity) and/or an anesthetic-like feeling. Research has shown that many autistic individuals have high levels of beta-endorphins in their central nervous system. Since naltrexone blocks the action of opiate receptors, it thus reduces their level of endorphins. Recent studies indicate that tiny doses of naltrexone (LDN, or Low-Dose Naltrexone) cause the body to overcome the temporary block with increased endorphins with benefit to the immune picture of those with auto-immune diseases.

Some of the improvements noted in autistic individuals who have taken naltrexone include: increased socialization, eye contact, and general happiness; normalized pain sensitivity; and a reduction in self-injury and stereotypic (self-stimulatory) behaviors.

There are no known side-effects of naltrexone although possible long-term effects are difficult to assess given the relatively short amount of time since naltrexone has been used for autistic individuals. However, there is one report that some vision loss may occur when naltrexone is given with Haldol. In addition, naltrexone may intensify social problems when given to people suffering from schizophrenia.

Naltrexone is listed in the Physician's Desk Reference (PDR) and is an approved treatment for substance use disorders such as heroin addiction and alcoholism. Since it is listed in the PDR, physicians may use their own judgment in deciding whether to prescribe naltrexone to other individuals, such as those with autism.

Dr. Jaak Panksepp of Bowling Green University, one of the leading investigators into the effects of naltrexone on lessening the symptoms of autism, feels that those individuals who cry rarely, lack pain sensitivity, and enjoy eating hot and spicy food may benefit most from naltrexone.

If you would like to obtain more information about naltrexone, you may want to contact Dr. Panksepp at the Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403-0228.